Distance-based clustering methods categorize samples by optimizing a global criterion, finding ellipsoid clusters with roughly equal sizes. In contrast, density-based clustering techniques form clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes by optimizing a local criterion. Most of these methods have several hyper-parameters, and their performance is highly dependent on the hyper-parameter setup. Recently, a Gaussian Density Distance (GDD) approach was proposed to optimize local criteria in terms of Distance and density properties of samples. GDD can find clusters with different shapes and sizes without any free parameters. However, it may fail to discover the appropriate clusters due to the interfering of clustered samples in estimating the density and Distance properties of remaining unclustered samples. Here, we introduce Adaptive GDD (AGDD), which eliminates the inappropriate effect of clustered samples by adaptively updating the parameters during clustering. It is stable and can identify clusters with various shapes, sizes, and densities without adding extra parameters. The Distance metrics calculating the dissimilarity between samples can affect the clustering performance. The effect of different Distance measurements is also analyzed on the method. The experimental results conducted on several well-known datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed AGDD method compared to the other well-known clustering methods.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive Power dispatch method in a wind-integrated Power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive Power generation and active Power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive Power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

In order to solve the complex decision-making problems, there are many approaches and systems based on the fuzzy theory were proposed. In 1998, Smarandache introduced the concept of single-valued neutrosophic set as a complete development of fuzzy theory. In this paper, we research on the Distance measure between single-valued neutrosophic sets based on the H-max measure of Ngan et al. [8]. The proposed measure is also a Distance measure between picture fuzzy sets which was introduced by Cuong in 2013 [15]. Based on the proposed measure, an Adaptive Neuro Picture Fuzzy Inference System (ANPFIS) is built and applied to the decision making for the link states in interconnection networks. In experimental evaluation on the real datasets taken from the UPV (Universitat Politè cnica de Valè ncia) university, the performance of the proposed model is better than that of the related fuzzy methods.

Examining statements related to Power in ancient texts is an approach to understanding the political and management discourses formed in the context of history. Discourse analysis based on Power Distance can provide a profile of the political and managerial culture dimensions of an organization or society. The symmetrical land of Hijaz, with the formation of Quraysh's commercial trips, witnessed the emergence of the wealth foundation discourse, which temporarily faded with the emergence of Islam and the establishment of the prophetic government in Medina and gave way to another discourse; The new discourse was expanded and promoted in an unprecedented way during the rule of Imam Ali (AS). In the present article, which was organized with the descriptive analytical method based on library sources, two competing discourses were analyzed based on the indicators of Power Distance, and at the end the following result was obtained: Imam Ali (AS), while challenging the authority of the wealthy elite, opposed hierarchical relationships and advocated for intellectual enlightenment within the political and administrative organization. Fundamentally, he did not believe in maintaining a Power Distance. Based on this research, the result of adopting these strategies was the creation of an open political space for freely expressing positions and criticisms, meritocracy, and also a serious fight against favoritism in the Alevi government, which was unprecedented in the previous and subsequent governments.

In this paper the study and layout of an assembly of Wind turbines in a Wind Farm is presented. The arrangement of two wind farms as an example in Manjil/Iran and Austria reviewed and due to complexity of the problem, referring to experimental methods, using WAsP or WindPro Computer Codes available from RISOE National Research Laboratories of Denmark and www.emd.dk is advised.

In this paper, a novel approach is introduced for Fault Detection and Fault Location in Power systems that incorporate Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants (LSPPPs). Given that short-circuit (SC) characteristics in photovoltaic systems differ significantly from those observed in traditional Synchronous Generators (SGs). The increasing integration of LSPPPs into the Power grid is anticipated to have an impact on the performance of conventional protection relay systems; initially designed for SG-dominated setups. Therefore, the proposed method revolves around analyzing the influence of LSPPPs on the alteration of observed transmission line impedance to identify and locate faults accurately. Furthermore, the methodology takes into consideration factors such as fault location, fault resistance, fault type, changing the LSPPP generation, and noise conditions. when calculating the phase angle of the fault loop current. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed through testing and evaluation on 2-bus and IEEE 39-bus test systems connected to an LSPPP, simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB/SIMULINK.